Defining a Single Condition

Excel includes a powerful feature that allows you to format the contents of a cell based on a set of conditions that you specify. This is known as conditional formatting. How you define conditional formats depends on whether you want to define a single formatting condition or multiple conditions. Even if you decide you want to define multiple conditions, however, it is beneficial to understand how single conditions are defined.

The first step in using conditional formatting, of course, is to select the cell whose formatting should be conditional. Then, with the Home tab of the ribbon displayed, click Conditional Formatting in the Styles group. Excel displays a list of various conditions you can define:

• Highlight Cells Rules. These rules are designed to allow you to indicate how a specific cell should be highlighted, based on the condition you specify.
• Top/Bottom Rules. These rules are used to format cells based on whether they are in the upper or lower portion of a range of values.
• Data Bars. These rules allow you to specify a graphic bar that appears based on the value in a cell. (Similar to a histogram, where longer bars denote larger values and shorter bars are used for lesser values.)
• Color Scales. These rules are used to indicate a range of colors that should apply to a cell, based on the value in that cell.
• Icon Sets. These rules allow you to apply various graphic icons based on the condition you specify.

In reality, each "condition" selected from these options is nothing but a shortcut to filling in the settings of the New Formatting Rule dialog box. (Click here to see a related figure.) You may have noticed that each of the above choices leads to a series of specific conditions, and that the last condition, in all cases, is "More Rules." If you select this option, if you select one of the defined conditions, or if you select New Rule (available when you first click Conditional Formatting) you will typically see the New Formatting Rule dialog box.

In the top of the dialog box you select a type of rule you want applied to the selected cells. There are six rule types:

• Format All Cells Based On Their Values
• Format Only Cells that Contain
• Format Only Top or Bottom Ranked Values
• Format Only Values that are Above or Below Average
• Format Only Unique or Duplicate Values
• Use a Formula to Determine which Cells to Format

These six rule types may look somewhat familiar; they are the basis for the pre-defined rules discussed earlier in this tip. When you select a rule type, Excel changes the settings you can make in the bottom of the dialog box. Each rule type has value, but you will find, over time, that the last rule type (where you use a formula to define formatting) is the most powerful.

When you select a rule type and then adjust the settings in the bottom of the dialog box, you can (depending on the rule type) click the Format button to specify the formatting Excel should apply if the conditions detailed in the rule are satisfied.

When you are satisfied with your rule settings and formatting options, you can click OK to dismiss the New Formatting Rule dialog box. The format is applied and you can continue working in your worksheet.